Learn standard Latin American Spanish (Peruvian).
Latin American Spanish is more widely spoken. There is some variation between the different countries. The best-known differences are seseo and yeyismo - in parts of Spain, ll is pronounced "ly" and c and z as "th", although not all by any means, but in Latin America they are pronounced "y" and "s" like the French pronunciation. Also, Latin American Spanish usually says "usted" and "ustedes" for "you" in all contexts whereas Castillian still uses the familiar "tu" in the singular and "vosotras/vosotros" in the plural when familiar. Apart from that, there are a few other regional differences such as omitting a D between two vowels.
You will be understood whatever Spanish you learn. Since you live in the United States I would learn Mexican Spanish. A majority of Spanish speakers are Mexican here and Mexican Spanish has a unique accent and vocabulary so it would probably be best to start there.
doesn't really matter as you'd be learning a standard spanish that would be understood in spain or latinoamerica. every country has it's own idioms and slangs.
yes,you should.
I'm planning on learning Spanish just for fun. I don't have any plans to travel or move to any particular country. For an American, which type of Spanish would be better to learn? Are there any significant differences, and would it be easy for a fluent speaker in one style to learn the other? Also, which one has more speakers? Thanks.